September 21

Women peacemakers born today

• 1864 Elena Vacarescu born Bucharest (d. 1947). Romanian poet, author, and folklorist. First and only woman ambassador to League of Nations, 1925-26 (interim 1922-24, 1926-39); delegate to two peace conferences 1919, 1945. Co-founded International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation (a predecessor to UNESCO) to promote intellectual cooperation, human rights, disarmament, collective security, and peaceful settlement, 1924. Two-time laureate of French Academy.

• 1916 Francoise Giroud born Lausanne, Switzerland (d. 2003). French feminist writer; journalist and politician; arrested and imprisoned for resistance to Germans, 1943-44. Founded weekly L'Express, opposing colonial wars in Indo-China and Algeria, 1953. First French Minister of Women's Affairs, 1974. Headed Action against Hunger, 1984.

• 1956 Madeeha Gauhar born Karachi. Pakistani actress and playwright. Dedicated to peace with India; founded social protest theater Ajoka ("Today") which joined in festivals with Indian women, Lahore, 1983. Directed hit play "Bullah" about nonviolent Sufi saint. Twice jailed for women’s rights protests. Nobel Peace Prize nominee, 2005.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1961 Women Strike for Peace began at Dagmar Wilson's home, Georgetown DC.

• 1988 Global Popular Summit at UN organized by Scandinavian women.

• 2001 Megan Bartlett founded Ground Zero for Peace promoting peaceful response to 9/11; she was a nurse first-responder to 9/11.

• 2012 Phwe Yu Mon led protest to end Kachin War, Rangoon.

September 22

Women peacemakers born today

• 1857 Anita Augspurg born Verden a/d Aller, Hanover (d. 1943). German peace leader; Dr. jurisprudence; actress and photographer; co-founder of WILPF and first German woman's suffrage organization 1902; opposed death penalty and militarism; promoted nonviolence in Ruhr unrest, and reconciliation.

• 1875 Paulina Luisi born Colón, Entre Rios, Argentina (d. 1949). Uruguayan reformer and abolitionist; socialist; feminist; suffragist. First Uruguayan woman doctor, 1908. Helped bring about Uruguayan suffrage, 1927. One of five women to attend World Disarmament Conference, 1932.

• 1953 Julianne Malveaux born San Francisco, CA. Economist president Bennett College 2007-12; critic of US foreign policy as terrorist; opposed Iraq War, supporting Million Man March 2005.

• 1954 Jodie Evans born Las Vegas, NV. Nonviolence advocate. Co-founder of Code Pink, 2002. Led "citizen diplomacy" delegations to Iran, Gaza, and Afghanistan; attempted a citizen's arrest of Karl Rove.

• 1957 Martha Karua born Kirinyaga, Kenya. "Iron Lady of Africa." Human rights advocate and lawyer; first woman elected to Kenyan Parliament, 1992. Kenyan Justice Minister, 2005-09; resigned due to inability to freely pursue her reform efforts. Presidential candidate, 2012.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1909 Rooftop Protest by suffragettes, Birmingham, England.

• 1913 Kasturba Gandhi deported, and returned to be rearrested.

• 1938 Jeanne Alexandre founded nonviolent League of Women for Peace.

• 1938 Sixteen French pacifist women signed peace manifesto.

• 1961 Dagmar Wilson drafted strike action by Women Strike for Peace.

• 1983 Lebanese women protested war at UNICEF building Beirut.

• 1984 Market Day for Men organized by J. Ouedaogo in Burkina Faso.

• 1989 One World Week celebrated by Greenham women.

• 2010 Women become majority of Swiss Cabinet.

• 2011 12 women arrested Bulawayo in peaceful march.

• 2012 Women of Marikana, S. Africa march in protest against police violence and the killing of Pauline Masuthle.

September 23

Women peacemakers born today

• 1555 Louise de Coligny born Châtillon-sur-Loing, France (d. 1620). Peacemaker consort of Prince William the Silent of Orange who persuaded her step-son Philip William of Orange to accept the Treaty of Antwerp 1609 starting the Twelve Years Truce in the Dutch War of Independence, granting Netherlands independent status and acceptance of trade in Indonesia. A humanist scholar, Louise was influenced by Grotius, whose classic Freedom of the Seas was published a month before the treaty.

• 1823 Sara Jane Lippincott born Pompey, NY (d. 1904). Prolific author and lecturer, published under the pseudonym Grace Greenwood. Pacifist who opposed death penalty, and condemned Mexican War.

• 1863 Mary Church Terrell born Memphis, TN (d. 1954). Black social reformer, spoke in German as only non-White woman at WILPF meeting Zürich 1919, and International Congress of Women Berlin 1904.

• 1941 Navi Pillay born Durban, South Africa. UN High Commissioner for Human Rights 2008; Judge International Criminal Court 2003-08; first woman judge Rwanda War Crimes 1995-2003, President 1999.

• 1970 Ani DiFranco born Buffalo, NY. American antiwar singer; opposes racism, sexism, homophobia, poverty; supported Green Party.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1913 Kasturba Gandhi sentenced to 3 months hard labor.

• 1983 Nine Halifax Women for Peace found guilty for Greenham protest.

• 1988 Scandinavian women's Declaration of Global Popular Summit at UN.

• 1989 Over 200 arrested Johannesburg in rally of Women Against Repression, Pretoria.

• 1999 Carla Del Ponte named Chief Prosecutor of UN war crimes.

• 2007 British authorities arrested Maya Evans for demanding foreign policy changes in a “U Turn for Peace” protest at the Labour Party Conference, Bournemouth.

• 2011 Four Ladies in White protesters arrested Havana parliament building.

• 2015: Amanda Lickers led four First Nation women in disruption and shutdown of tar sands pipeline hearing, Montreal.

September 24

Women peacemakers born today

• 1825 Frances Harper born Baltimore, MD (d. 1911). Black non-resistant abolitionist poet; novelist and lecturer; sat-in on Philadelphia trolley 1859.

• 1852 Elizabeth Maria Molteno born Beaufort West, Cape Colony (d. 1927). South African educator, suffragist and feminist; strong public opponent of Boer War; friend of Gandhi, who called her "peacemaker", aiding his satyagraha campaign; friend of Olive Schreiner; supported conscientious objection in World War I; opposed racial segregation.

• 1866 Bhikhaji Cama (née Patel) born Mumbai, India (d. 1936). Indian independence leader; unfurled first tricolor flag at Socialist conference Stuttgart 1907; anti-imperialist; banned from India, arrested in France for antiwar activity 1914; interned 1916; nonviolent, but accepted resistance to violence; did relief work against the plague, which she caught 1896.

• 1885 Gabrielle Bouet born Assi-Bou-Nif, Algeria (d. 1977). Radical French pacifist syndicalist teacher; issued antiwar manifesto of teachers Chambery 1912; antiwar throughout World War I; opposed World War II.

• 1909 Charis Waddy born Parramatta, NSW, Australia (d. 2004). Christian scholar of Islam who bridged West and Islam, winning praise from leading Muslims.

• 1911 Lilian Ngoyi born Pretoria, South Africa (d. 1980). "Mother of Black Resistance" who insisted on nonviolence; President of ANC Women 1953; won international support 1955; led 20,000 march 1956; arrested and put in solitary jail 71 days; banned 11 years.

• 1952 Jill Stallard born Wales. Welsh nonviolent anti-nuclear activist; National Secretary CND Cymru; organized Chernobyl child aid; protested Gulf War environmental hazard 1993; supported Palestinian defense of olive trees, protested Israeli wall; sent 103 Welsh busloads to London against Iraq War.

• 1969 Zainab Salbi born Baghdad, Iraq. Iraqi-American humanitarian. Founded Women for Women International to help women victims of war, 1993; awarded Hilton Humanitarian Prize, 2005.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1988 Aung San Suu Kyi founded National League for Democracy with nonviolent Gandhian campaign.

• 2005 NOW sponsored "Stop the War Now" campaign DC.

• 2008 Colombian peace leader Olga Marina Vergara assassinated Medellin.

• 2011 Police pepper-sprayed Chelsea Elliott and Jeanne Mansfield at Union Square, NY, giving boost to Occupy movement.

• 2013 Sylvia Boyes and Mary Millington cut fence at Faslane Naval Base to protest Trident submarine.

September 25

Women peacemakers born today

• 1839 Mina Kruseman born Velp, Gelderland, Netherlands (d. 1922). Pioneering Dutch feminist and pacifist; militant feminist; concert singer named "Oristorio di Frama"; grew up in Dutch East Indies; author, including book on marriage in Indonesia (1872); daughter of military officer, she opposed Franco-German war 1870 and First World War.

• 1867 Fannie Fern Andrews born Margaretville, Canada (d. 1950). Pioneer in American peace education. Internationalist teacher and pacifist; author, lecturer, and organizer. Founded American School Peace League, 1908; co-founded Women’s Peace Party, 1915; WILPF founding member.

• 1867 Katharine Glasier born Stoke Newington, Middlesex (d. 1950). British labor activist and speaker. Christian Socialist and Theosophist; later became a Quaker. opposed World War I as editor of anti-war Labour Leader, 1916-21.

• 1883 Serafina Dávalos Alfonze born Ajos (now Coronel Oviedo), Paraguay (d. 1957). Pioneer feminist; first woman lawyer, Supreme Court justice 1908-9; professor and founder university; founded Committee of Women for Peace 1904 trying to prevent civil war.

• 1895 Elsa Triolet born Moscow (d. 1970). French leader with Aragon in Resistance to Nazis; peace activist denouncing war and violence; first woman winner of Prix Goncourt 1944.

• 1946 Gila Svirsky born Iselin, NJ. Israeli peace activist. Co-founded B'Tselem, working for human rights in occupied territories; co-founded Coalition of Women for Peace, 2000. Has maintained a 26-year vigil since 1988 for Women in Black holding sign "End the Occupation."

• 1950 Edit Schlaffer born Stegersbach, Burgenland, Austria. Social scientist. Founded Women Without Borders, 2002, SAVE (Sisters Against Violent Extremism), 2008.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1839 Lucretia Mott delivered "eloquent and impressive" speech on nonviolence at meeting of Non-Resistance Society at Chardon Street Chapel, Boston.

• 1900 Mother Jones led 15-mile march of 2000 miners' wives, McAdoo to Coaldale, PA.

• 1920 In Philadelphia, one month after the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, Katharine Ruschenberger's niece rang the Justice Bell, a bronze replica of the Liberty Bell designed to remain silent until American women won the right to vote.

• 1991 European Peace Caravan organized by Sonja Lokar departed Trieste for Balkan war zone with 400 activists.

• 2010 Nasrin Sotoudeh began four-week fast in prison thru Oct. 23.

• 2014 Code Pink held a candlelight vigil at the White House, calling on President Obama to return his Nobel Peace Prize.

September 26

Women peacemakers born today

• 1861 Lucy Biddle Lewis born Sharon Hill, PA (d. 1941). Quaker pacifist co-founder of American Friends Service Committee 1917 to provide young Quakers and other conscientious objectors to war an opportunity to perform a service of love in wartime; co-founder and President of WILPF 1922-24.

• 1875 Mary Elisabeth Dreier born Brooklyn, NY (d. 1963). Labor reformer and suffragist leader; artist; arrested 1909 in shirtwaist strike; organizer of first antiwar parade 1914; chaired Women's Trade Union League’s Outlawry of War committee; associate of Jane Addams at Hull House; Indian rights advocate; opposed Cold War and nuclear weapons.

• 1876 Edith Abbott born Grand Island, NE (d. 1957). PhD economist, daughter of Quaker; lifelong pacifist; Dean of Social Service, U. of Chicago; founded Immigrants' Protective League 1909; co-founded Women's Peace Party 1915; opposed World War II.

• 1893 Freda Kirchwey born Lake Placid, NY (d. 1976). Editor and publisher of The Nation, 1937-1955; WILPF representative at UN 1955-9 supporting Universal Declaration of Human Rights and disarmament; pacifist in World War I; opposed nuclear weapons; critic of strategic bombing, as in Korean War.

• 1900 Gertrud Luckner born Liverpool (d. 1995). German pacifist resister against Hitler; Quaker convert to Catholicism; rescued Jews in Germany until sent to Ravensbrück 1943 for 19 months; honored by Yad Vashem.

• 1946 Claudette Werleigh born Cap-Haïtien, Haiti. Lawyer and diplomat; peace advocate. Secretary General, Haiti National Caritas, 1976-87. Haitian Foreign Minister, 1993-95. Haiti's first woman Prime Minister, 1995-96. Secretary General and Envoy, Pax Christi International, 2007-10.

• 1963 Carolyn Nordstrom born Metter, GA. Professor of anthropology, specializing in war and peace.

• 1982 Serena Williams born Saginaw, MI. Tennis star named UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador 2011; supported Ghana health team 2006 and school in Kenya 2008; relief for Haiti earthquake 2010.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1909 International Ladies’ Garment Workers Union (ILGWU) began strike at Triangle factory.

• 1983 Five Puget Sound Women's Peace Camp women arrested for leafleting against cruise missile at Boeing Seattle.

• 1995 Dominican nuns Gilbert and Platte sentenced 30 days for trespass at John Hopkins Physics Lab for leaflet against nuclear weapons.

• 2011 UN Women held Open Day on Women, Peace and Security in Tbilisi, Georgia.

• 2012 The Women PeaceMakers celebrated their tenth anniversary, San Diego, CA.

• 2013 World premiere of Nobel Women’s film Partners For Peace, Ottawa, Canada.

• 2016 Cheri Honkala arrested for protest at presidential debate Hofstra Univ. asking Jill Stein’s participation.

September 27

Women peacemakers born today

• 1871 Josepha Whitney born Washington D.C. (d. 1968). Visual artist, specializing in landscapes. Suffragist. Chair of Connecticut Women’s Peace Party. President of New Haven League of Women Voters. Democratic candidate for state Senate, 1922.

• 1918 Faith Bandler born Tumbulgum, New South Wales (d. 2015). Australian of Vanuatu heritage; leader in referendum on aboriginal rights, 1967. Opposed Cold War and nuclear weapons; passport confiscated 10 years after visit to Eastern Europe, 1951. Recipient of Sydney Peace Foundation Award, 2000; Nobel Peace Prize nominee, 2005.

• 1953 Diane Abbott born London, England. First black woman Member of British Parliament, 1987; Labor Shadow Minister of International Development. Voted against wars in Iraq and Afghanistan; led opposition to bombing of Syria, 2015.

• 1953 María Emma Mejía born Medellin. Colombian Foreign Minister 1996-8; sought reconciliation with Venezuela and opposed arms purchases; diplomat and journalist; second Secretary Union of South American Nations, 2011-12.

• 1951 Hanelore Vonier born Weilmünster, Limburg, Germany. German expert on matriarchy and peaceful societies.

• 1957 Mata Amritanandamayi born Parayakadavu, Kerala. Hindu guru "The Hugging Saint"; Gandhi/King Prize for nonviolence 2002; active in tsunami relief 2004; promoted empowering women.

• 1968 Nancy Sánchez Méndez born Bucamaranga, Santander, Colombia. Journalist and peace activist in Colombian civil conflict. Co-founded Network of Trainers of Peace in Putumayo, 1996. Attended peace talks in Costa Rica, 2000. Organized protests against American drug war initiative Plan Colombia's tactics of militarization and fumigation, 2001. Coordinated La Ruta Pacifica de las Mujeres (“Women’s Peaceful Road”) national speak-out of 3,500 women against Plan Colombia, 2003. Founded Women’s Alliance of Putumayo, 2005. Joined Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice Women PeaceMakers Program, 2012.

• 1974 Carrie Brownstein born Redmond, WA. Antiwar rock musician.

• 1984 Avril Lavigne born Belleville, Ontario. Canadian antiwar rock musician; promoter of Amnesty International campaign to save Darfur.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1900 First meeting of Women’s Universal Peace Alliance, Paris.

• 1968 WILPF sponsored "Violence in Our Time" conference, Philadelphia.

• 1983 Five Puget Sound Peace women entered Boeing plant, arrested for talking to workers.

• 1985 Mary Sprunger-Froese and Sister Marie Nord were arrested at Martin Marietta plant, Denver, CO, for trying to destroy MX missile; imprisoned 2 months.

• 1999 Three members of the Trident Ploughshares organization acquitted of charges of malicious damage to ship moored at Loch Goil, Scotland.

• 2007 Stoltenberg’s Norwegian Cabinet attained female majority.

• 2016 135 women leaders appealed to UN Secretary General Ban to end Korean War.

September 28

Women peacemakers born today

• 1839 Frances Willard born Churchville, NY (d. 1898). "Saint Frances"; suffragist leader; first woman college president, Northwestern Female College 1871; international temperance leader 1891; Vice President of Universal Peace Union 1888; first president of the National Council of Women of US 1888; "Polyglot Petition" 7 million signatures against international drug trade 1883.

• 1905 Hetty Bower born Dalston, East London. Marched in over 30 antiwar parades, including 2011 when she was 106, and 2012 three mile Oxfam hike for Palestinian olive farmers.

• 1914 Miriam Patchen born Waverley, Belmont MA (d. 2000). Anarchist pacifist; 15 years of weekly demonstration against war Palo Alto; wife of rebel poet.

• 1929 Tsering Dolma Gyaltong born Lhasa, Tibet. Member, International Council of 13 Indigenous Grandmothers. Founding member, Tibetan Women's Association, reestablished 1984.

• 1937 Alice Mahon born Halifax, England. Represented Labour Party as Member of Parliament, 1987-2005. Headed Committee for Peace in the Balkans, 1993; stood against NATO’s Kosovo bombing. Opposed Bush’s nuclear threat; opposed Iraq War, exposing US use of white phosphorus.

• 1954 Margot Wallstrom born Skellefteå, Sweden. UN Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict 2010; European Environment Commissioner 1999-2004; First Vice President European Commission 2004-10.

• 1962 Janeane Garofalo born Newton, NJ. American comedian and TV and film actress; antiwar activist, Code Pink march 2003 against Iraq and Afghan Wars.

• 1968 Latifah Anum Siregar born Jayapura, West Papua, Indonesia. Indonesian human rights advocate. General Secretary Papua Muslim Assembly 2007-11; chair of Alliance for Democracy in Papua; member of Papua parliament.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1982 Greenham Peace Camp covered with rocks by Ministry of Transport.

• 1991 European Peace Caravan comprised of 400 activists toured Yugoslavia in an effort to prevent war.

• 2004 Women, War and Peace conference Brussels sponsored by Hélène Ryckmans of World According to Women.

• 2008 In New York City, Vietnamese Women Agent Orange Victims began 10-city tour of United States to hold Dow and Monsanto accountable for their actions.

• 2009 Four women protested: “Yom Kippur, September 28, Time to Atone, Shut Down Vermont Yankee.”

• 2011 South Asian women peace activists presented resolution to UN Secretary General for more participation of women in peace.

September 29

Women peacemakers born today

• 1810 Elizabeth Gaskell born Chelsea, London (d. 1865). British novelist who opposed US Civil War.

• 1871 Emma Wold born Norway, SD (d. 1950). Internationalist expert on rights of women; Chair of WILPF 1921; founder Women's Committee on National Disarmament 1921; US technical adviser to Conference on Codification of International Law The Hague 1930.

• 1928 Marge Farmer. Montessori teacher; founded Comité Hispano Montessori, Omaha, NE. Established Fundacion Corazon (Foundation with a Heart), Nicaragua; offered aid to Central American war refugees; participated in civil disobedience against SAC.

• 1932 Gwen Hennessey born Buchanan County, IA. Catholic nun served 6 months in prison for School of Americas protest 2001; marched with M.L. King in anti-racism demo Antioch IL, worked with Cesar Chavez in Calif; walked across US 1986 against nuclear weapons; Pacem in Terris award 2001.

• 1936 Loret Miller Ruppe born Laurium, MI (d. 1996). Longest serving Director of Peace Corps 1981-9. US Ambassador to Norway 1989-93; established 3 projects to help address regional challenges: Caribbean Basin Initiative 1983, Initiative for Central America, and African Food Systems Initiative 1985.

• 1948 Angela Kane born Hamelin, Lower Saxony, Germany. Ranking executive of UN since 1977. Assistant Secretary for Political Affairs, 2005-08; Under-Secretary-General for Management, 2008-12. As High Representative for Disarmament Affairs, oversaw the destruction of stockpiled Syrian chemical weapons, 2013.

• 1950 Eliane Potiguara born Rio de Janiero, Brazil. Brazilian author and poet; indigenous rights leader. Created first indigenous organization Grumin, 1982; founded first native newspaper; organized international indigenous conferences. Received Baha'i Global Citizenship Award, 1996; Nobel Peace Prize nominee, 2005.

• 1951 Michelle Bachelet born Santiago, Chile. Headed UN Gender Equality 2010; first woman President of Chile 2006; imprisoned and tortured by Pinochet; as first President of Union of South American Nations (Unasur) 2008 called summit to mediate in Bolivia; pediatrician.

• 1952 Kate Donnelly born New Haven, CT. Nonviolence trainer, teacher and publisher. Participant and chronicler of Women and Life on Earth Conference, 1979, and Women's Pentagon Action, 1980. Led War Resisters League (WRL) campaign against war toys; edited WRL Handbook for Nonviolent Action, 1989. Recipient War Resisters League Award, 2001.

• 1961 Anne Marie Goetz. Professor of Global Affairs, New York Univ., teaching peacemaking and peace building; Policy Director at UNIFEM 2005-11, at UN Women 2011-14; field work UNDP Chad, Guinea; feminist; promoted woman as head of UN and overdue global women’s conference.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1870 Suffrage convention Boston declared: "Taxation without representation is tyranny."

• 1909 Women's garment strike began Manhattan with walkout at Leiserson's.

• 1911 Alma Dolens led Italian protest against war in Libya.

• 1992 Margaret Anstée appointed first woman to head of UN mission, Angola.

• 2005 Heide Göttner-Abendroth organized the Societies of Peace Conference in San Marcos, Texas.

September 30

Women peacemakers born today

• 1832 Ann Maria Reeves Jarvis born Culpepper, VA (d. 1905). "The Mother of Mothers Day" founded Mothers' Friendship Day for peace and reconciliation after Civil War 1865 Pruntytown, WV; this became inspiration for her daughter Anna Jarvis who made Mothers Day official 1914.

• 1875 Anne Henrietta Martin born Empire City, NV (d. 1951). Suffragist historian; author and journalist under the pseudonym Anne O'Hara. Jailed for suffrage protests London 1910, White House 1917; sentenced to Occoquan Prison; opposed both World Wars; Women's Peace Party 1915; first chair of National Woman's Party 1917; leader of WILPF Peoples Mandate against War; first woman to run for US Senate 1918.

• 1883 Nora Stanton Blatch Barney born Basingstoke, Hampshire, England (d. 1971). First American woman civil engineer; radio electronics pioneer and architect; third generation suffragist peacemaker: granddaughter of Seneca Falls pioneer Elizabeth Cady Stanton, daughter of Harriet Stanton Blatch; author of World Peace Through a Peoples Parliament, 1944; opposed Korean War.

• 1929 Dorothee Solle born Cologne, Germany (d. 2003). German liberation theologian; pacifist led protests against Apartheid, war in Central America and nuclear weapons; book The Arms Race Kills Even Without War, 1983; feminist.

• 1929 Leticia Ramos-Shahani born Lingayan, Philippines. Diplomat, Secretary-General of UN Womens Conference Nairobi 1985; UN Assistant Secretary-General for Social & Humanitarian Affairs 1981-86; career diplomat Ambassador to Australia 1981-86; headed white paper on South China Sea 2012 recommending regional peace and stability; educator: Dean and professor of comparative literature.

• 1949 Flora Brovina born Skënderaj, Kosovo. Kosovar Albanian poet and pediatrician; tortured during 19 months Serbian prison; Millennium Women's Peace Prize 2001.

• 1963 Maite Nkoana-Mashabane born Makgobaskloof, Limpopo, South Africa. Anti-Apartheid leader; diplomat: Minister of International Relations 2009, High Commissioner to India 1999, Malaysia 1995; Chaired UN Climate conference Durban 2011.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1921 Signing of the League of Nations Treaty on Traffic in Women and Children, Geneva.

• 1937 League of Nations created first international women’s body Committee on Legal Status of Women.

• 1968 Canadian woman Claire Culhane began 10-day fast against Vietnam War.

• 1991 Peg Miller sentenced to 3 years for anti-nuclear conspiracy in Arizona.

• 1996 Four women tried and convicted for "Weep for Children" protest against launch of 18th nuclear sub "Louisiana" at Groton CT.

• 2009 "Women, Peace and Security" resolution 1888 of UN Security Council on sexual violence in war.