July 1

Women peacemakers born today

• 1804 George Sand born Paris, France (d. 1876). Prolific novelist, playwright; successful appeal to power of Louis Napoleon for prisoners.

• 1838 Johanne Meyer born Aalborg, Denmark (d. 1915). Pioneering radical suffragist; editor and orator; democratic socialist. Longtime leader of Danish Peace Society. Founding member, Danish Women’s Peace Association, 1906.

• 1876 Karen Jeppe born Gylling, Denmark (d. 1935). "Danish Mother of the Armenians"; teacher who cared for victims of genocide.

• 1895 Lucy Somerville Howorth born Greenville, MS (d. 1997). "Judge Lucy." Lawyer, politician, feminist; keynote speaker at White House conference on women in postwar peace 1944.

• 1904 Mary S. Calderone born Paris (d. 1998). Quaker Medical Director of Planned Parenthood 1953; founded SIECUS Sex Info & Education 1964; American pioneer in sex education; lifelong absolute pacifist.

• 1923 Paula Helen Hollmen Tasso (d. 2010). WILPF Representative at UN 1988-2000; political activist working for environment and racial and economic justice; two visits to Soviet Union to present workshops on Bruntland Report on international environment.

• 1935 Rini Templeton born Buffalo, NY (d. 1986). Anti-war artist.

• 1940 Ela Gandhi born Phoenix Ashram, Natal, South Africa. Granddaughter of Gandhi, opponent of Apartheid; under house arrest nine years 1975-83; member of S. African parliament 1994-2004; opposed domestic violence.

• 1948 Monika Stocker born Aarau, Switzerland. Swiss politician, peace advocate; Green party member Swiss National Council 1987-91; co-sponsor 1000 Women for Nobel Prize 2005; co-president PeaceWomen Across the Globe; president feminist Swiss Christian Peace Service (cfd) 2010.

• 1951 Anne Feeney born Charleroi, PA. American singer and activist lawyer; album Wild Wimmin for Peace: The Great Peace March, 1986; active protests against Vietnam War and Apartheid; arrested 1972 Miami protesting Nixon’s nomination; arrested 2017 Day Without a Woman.

• 1955 Speciosa Wandira Kazibwe born Iganda, Uganda. Ugandan surgeon; politician. Vice-president of Uganda, first woman to hold that position of an African nation, 1994-2003. Founded African Women Committee on Peace and Development (AWCPD) to increase women's involvement in African peacemaking processes, 1998. Appointed UN Special Envoy for HIV/AIDS in Africa, 2013.

• 1961 Diana, Princess of Wales born Sandringham, Norfolk (d. 1997). Influential leader in campaign against landmines 1997, visiting Bosnia and Angola war zones; pioneer in compassion for victims of AIDS 1987.

• 1971 Sabiha Husić born Donja Večeriska, Vitez, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Yugoslavia. Muslim war refugee; psychotherapist; Director of Medica Zenica, aiding Balkan War victims, 2007; organized Network for Victims and Witnesses for women survivors of rape and sexual violence, 2011; Joan Kroc Woman Peacemaker, 2013.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1915 First Public Protest against World War I by Frances and Marie Mayoux at Tours, France. "Enough Blood Shed!"

• 1944 Nazi court sentenced pacifist FOR leader Elizabeth von Thadden to death.

• 1969 Five Women Against Daddy Warbucks destroyed draft files Manhattan.

• 1970 Eight Draft Files destroyed by Women Against Daddy Warbucks.

• 1975 Mexico City Declaration on Women.

• 1982 Death of ERA marked by women defacing public property in D.C.

• 1987 Concepcion Picciotto arrested for permanent vigil outside White House.

• 1992 First WILPF conference in Latin America, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.

• 2001 Lindis Percy arrested and de-arrested for "Independence FROM America" protest at US embassy London.

July 2

Women peacemakers born today

• 1873 Nella Giacomelli born Lodi, Lombardy, Italy (d. 1949). “The Red Meteor” anarcho-pacifist newspaper editor and journalist; wrote for French anti-militarist newspaper Rompete de File, 1907-13. Issued May Day manifesto to women against war, resulting in house arrest, 1916. Co-founded anarchist newspaper New Humanity, 1920.

• 1891 Mabel Newcomer born Oregon, IL (d. 1983). Economics professor Vassar; only woman delegate to Breton Woods Conference founding World Bank and IMF. 1945.

• 1908 Jean Sinclair born Germiston, South Africa (d. 1996). Founder 1955 Black Sash women's movement against Apartheid; mother of activist Sheena Duncan.

• 1913 Juliet Bernstein born Ferndale, NY. Leader of Cape Cod FOR; National Women's Hall of Fame 1995; created nuclear free zone for town of Chatham 1984; led campaign against land mines; annual peace poetry, poster and essay contest; NAACP "Unsung Hero" for racial equality; opposed wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

• 1951 Sylvia Rivera born Bronx, NY (d. 2002). Puerto Rican "Rosa Parks of transgender movement"; opposed Vietnam War and US bombing of Yugoslavia and Vieques; Stonewall leader.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1963 Cambridge Treaty ending segregation and violence in Maryland city; led by Gloria Richardson, witnessed by US Attorney General Robert Kennedy.

• 1975 First International Women’s Conference Mexico City ended. "Women have a vital role to play in the promotion of peace in all spheres of life: in the family, the community, the nations and the world."

• 1984 Nonviolent activist Leonor Zamora Concha became mayor of Ayacucho, Peru.

• 1998 Helen John jailed seven days for painting US Embassy London "Stop Menwith Hill" US spy base in Yorkshire.

• 2010 General Assembly created UN women's organization UN Women, the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women.

July 3

Women peacemakers born today

• 1792 Thankful Hussey Southwick born Portland, ME (d. 1867). Co-founder of world's first nonviolent society, New England Non-Resistance Society Boston 1838; active abolitionist and suffragist Quaker; president of Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society.

• 1860 Charlotte Perkins Gilman born Hartford, CT (d. 1935). Feminist author and sociologist. Co-founded Women’s Peace Party, 1915.

• 1886 Tano Jodai born Daito, Yamagata, Japan (d. 1982). Japanese educator and peace activist; Quaker. International WILPF leader; UNESCO Council member. Founded first Japanese peace group Japanese Woman’s Peace Association, which became Japanese chapter of WILPF, 1921.

• 1897 Hansa Mehta born Surat, Gujarat, India (d. 1995). Nonviolent freedom fighter twice arrested in Gandhi's Salt Campaign; served five months in prison; feminist editor, educator and playwright; first Indian delegate to UN Human Rights Commission which drafted Universal Declaration, insisting that instead of "men" it read "all human beings are created free and equal"; chaired UN Human Rights committee on enforcement of rights; advocated Human Rights court; first delegate on UN Commission on Women; gave first Indian flag on behalf of women 1947; drafted Indian constitution; member of WILPF.

• 1900 Maria Rabaté (née Bernuchon) born Moncontour, Vienne, France (d. 1985). French Communist politician dedicated to postwar peace, opposing wars in Vietnam, Korea, Algiers, and to nuclear weapons.

• 1915 Inga Thorsson born Malmö, Sweden (d. 1994). Disarmament expert; Nobel prize nominee; ambassador to UN 1966, 1970-82, to Israel 1964; headed Swedish delegation to UN Disarmament Conferences 1974-82; member of parliament; founded first Swedish peace corps (SCI) camp Tostarp 1937; proposed first world environment conference; member WILPF.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1983 Women for Peace protested East Berlin: Barbara Linke, Katja Havemann, Gisela Metz.

• 2010 30 Women in Black demonstrated Belgrade as reminder of Srebrenica massacre.

• 2011 Women's Initiative for Peace opened six-day WINPeace Conflict Resolution Camp for Greek, Turkish, and Cypriot Youth at Istanbul's Robert College.

• 2015 The Somalian government appointed six women as prosecutors to fight corruption and advocate for women and children victims of crime.

July 4

Women peacemakers born today

• 1866 Anita Mccormick Blaine born Manchester, VT (d. 1954). Chicago philanthropist. Founded World Citizens Association to build unity worldwide, 1939. Published progressive newspaper Daily Compass, 1949-52; financed Foundation for World Government, 1950; founded New World Foundation for peace and progressive causes, 1954.

• 1911 Elizabeth Wanamaker Peratrovich born Petersburg, AK (d. 1958). Tlingit human rights leader who achieved Anti-Discrimination Act 1945.

• 1909 Madeleine Barot born Châteauroux, France (d. 1995). French theologian in World War II Resistance, aiding escape of Jews, Roma and political opponents of Hitler; ecumenical scholar; opponent of torture; founded Creators of Peace 1991.

• 1924 Marie Bohlen born Pennsylvania, PA (d. 2014). Quaker artist. Called "a founding mother of Greenpeace"; inspired protest against Amchitka atomic tests, 1971.

• 1935 Joan Ecklein. Peace activist and author. Professor of Sociology, University of Massachusetts. Expert on community organization. Co-founded Women's Strike for Peace, opposing Vietnam War and nuclear weapons, 1961. Co-president of WILPF Boston.

• 1948 Margaret Behan born Watonga, OK. Artist. Native American founder of Cheyenne Elders Council. Member of International Council of 13 Indigenous Grandmothers.

• 1963 Solange “Sonia” Pierre born Villa Altagracia, San Cristobal, Dominican Republic (d. 2011). Dominican-Haitian human rights leader; arrested age 13 for 5 day Haitian workers protest; won case in Inter-American Human Rights court on racial discrimination 2005; founded MUDHA (Movement of Dominico-Haitian Women) 1983; UNESCO Human Rights Education award 2002; Amnesty International Sagan prize 2003; Kennedy Human Rights prize 2007; US Women of Courage award 2011.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• Feast Day of St. Isabel Queen of Portugal, "the Peacemaker," honored by Azoreans for her compassion for the poor; made peace 1323, 1336; died on peace mission July 4, 1336.

• 1876 Declaration of Rights of Women, Philadelphia read by Susan B. Anthony, written by Matilda Joslyn Gage. "We ask justice, we ask equality, we ask that all the civil and political rights that belong to citizens of the United States, be guaranteed to us and our daughters forever."

• 1925 Declaration of Independence from the Tyranny of War by Women's Peace Union (written by Mary Winsor). "It behooves the human race to abolish War before War abolishes the human race."

• 1966 Marjorie Swann Edwin arrested Independence Hall in protest against Vietnam War.

• 1969 Women Against Daddy Warbucks shredded draft files at Rockefeller Center.

• 1981 Women's Declaration of Independence included first civil disobedience led by Sonia Johnson and 50 women Washington DC.

• 1982 Anne Bennis, Judy Beaument, and Anne Montgomery staged Trident Nein Plowshares Protest, damaging US submarine New London.

• 1983 Greenham Women's week of protest by local women.

• 1983 Duck Action at Greenlake by Puget Sound Women's Peace Camp.

• 1983 Seneca NY Peace Camp established at Romulus, NY; 2000 women surrounded army base.

• 2004 Josie Lee arrested for invading munitions plant Benalla, Victoria, Australia.

• 2006 Chloe Jon-Paul arrested for invading DC parade with protest to Bring the Troops Home Now.

• 2006 Diane Wilson and 4,000 Code Pink Women began fast for "Troops Home Fast" from Iraq.

• 2011 Sandra Kneen arrested for kayak blocking Greek coast guard seizure of Gaza Freedom Flotilla “Tahrir” off Crete.

• 2012 Women's rights activist Farida Afridi gunned down Peshawar, Pakistan.

July 5

Women peacemakers born today

• 1822 Emily Annette Taylor born Havre, France (d. 1904). Quaker abolitionist delegate to first World's Anti-Slavery Convention London 1840; active suffragist; educated her son Frederick, who became "Father of management efficiency."

• 1839 Hannah Johnston Bailey born Cornwall-on-the-Hudson, NY (d. 1923). Quaker head of Peace & Arbitration Department of Women's Christian Temperance Union, 1887-1916. Editor of two peace publications, Pacific Banner and The Acorn, 1889-1895. Member of Women’s Peace Party and WILPF.

• 1852 Clara Zetkin born Weiderau, Saxony (d. 1933). German Communist leader. As oldest member of Reichstag, she opposed Hitler.

• 1876 Marie-Louise Puech born Castres, France (d. 1966). French feminist; pacifist. General secretary (and later president) of Union Féminine Française pour la Société des Nations, 1920. Helped rescue Jewish refugees in France during WWII.

• 1898 Zelda Popkin born Brooklyn, NY (d. 1983). Author.

• 1899 Anna Arnold Hedgeman born Marshalltown, IA (d. 1990). Nonviolent black activist and educator; co-organizer of March on Washington 1963; first woman in New York City cabinet 1954.

• 1905 Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau born Port-au-Prince, Haiti (d. 1970). Haitian sociologist, lawyer and feminist; international educator; actively opposed US occupation. First woman to run for Senate 1957; arrested by Duvalier, and exiled.

• 1973 Razia Sultana born Rakhine, Myanmar. Lawyer, researcher and educator specializing in trauma, mass rape and trafficking of Rohingya girls and women, now practicing law in Bangladesh. Senior Researcher with Kalandan Press, a coordinator of the Free Rohingya Coalition, Director of Arakan Rohingya National Organization’s women section and the founder of Rohingya Women Welfare.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1909 First Suffragist Hunger Strike in Britain by Marion Dunlap, 91 hours.

• 1915 Jane Addams spoke at Carnegie Hall after trip to Europe. "This war was an old man's war; that the young men who were dying, the young men who were doing the fighting, were not the men who wanted the war."

• 2007 “Women Making Air Waves of Peace” Engendering Peace Journalism, Cotabato, Mindanao, Philippines.

• 2011 Fartuun Adan founded Sister Somalia rape crisis center, Mogadishu.

• 2013 Dr. Alaa Murabit began Noor campaign in Libya to spread Koran’s message of nonviolence.

July 6

Women peacemakers born today

• 1815 Harriet Minot Pitman born Haverhill, MA (d. 1888). Active abolitionist; "Inquirer after Truth" favoring interracial marriage 1833; Quaker; intimate friend of poet John G. Whittier.

• 1847 Katherine Tingley born Newbury, MA (d. 1929). Absolute pacifist; Theosophist leader who founded International Brotherhood League 1897, Parliament of Peace 1913.

• 1906 Colette Audry born Orange, Vaucluse, France (d. 1990). French novelist, film writer, and radical critic. Pacifist, feminist, militant socialist. Advocated negotiation rather than war in Algeria; close friend and subject of Beauvoir.

• 1920 Elise M. Boulding born Oslo, Norway (d.2010). Quaker sociologist and "Mother of Peace Research; International chair of WILPF 1977-80; opposed Vietnam War by illegally aiding North Vietnamese Red Cross 1967.

• 1921 Josefina García de Noia “Pepa Noia” born Barrio Norte, Buenos Aires, Argentina (d. 2015). Argentine human rights leader; one of 14 founding Mothers of the Plaza of May after military disappeared her daughter.

• 1938 Inge Genefke born Copenhagen. Danish doctor rehabilitater of torture victims; won Right Livelihood Award 1988.

• 1942 Kitty Piercy born Tampa, FL. Peace Corps volunteer Ethiopia; mayor of Eugene, OR; sponsored antiwar resolution US Mayors 2011.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1919 First postwar peace mission arrived Berlin: Aletta Jacobs of WILPF and 4 Quakers.

• 1944 Irene Morgan's arrest for not sitting in back of bus led to Supreme Court ban on Jim Crow law.

• 1963 Joanne Collier arrested for protest at Griffis AFB, Rome NY against nuclear weapons.

• 1986 Heartland Peace Pilgrimage: 25 Catholic women's groups converge at Strategic Air Command, Omaha.

• 1992 Three women sentenced for protest at Wurtsmith AFB.

• 2012 Dr. Fatima Al-Mattar beaten by Kuwait police when she defended Bedoon protester.

July 7

Women peacemakers born today

• 1901 Esther Caukin Brunauer born Jackson, CA (d. 1959). American internationalist; expert on establishing international organizations.

• 1915 Margaret Walker Alexander born Birmingham, AL (d. 1998). African-American novelist and poet; SNCC leader.

• 1935 Dorothy Stang born Dayton, OH (d. 2005). Catholic sister. Awarded posthumous UN Human Rights Prize.

• 1940 Jetsun Pema born Takster, Amdo, Tibet. "Mother of Tibet." Sister of Dalai Lama. Minister of Education, 1991; President, Tibetan Childrens Villages.

• 1941 Barbara Garson born Brooklyn, NY. American playwright, author and activist; wrote popular anti-Vietnam war play "MacBird!", a parody of Shakespeare’s "Macbeth," 1967. Socialist Vice-Presidential candidate, 1992.

• 1944 Glenys Kinnock born Roade, Northamptonshire, England. Internationalist; anti-Apartheid leader; advocate for third world development. Founded One World Action, 1989. Welsh member of European Parliament, 1994-2009. British Minister for UN and Africa, 2009-10; Minister for Europe 2010.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1915 In The Hague, Emily Balch, Aletta Jacobs, Chrystal MacMillan, Cornelia Ramondt-Hirschmann, and Rosika Schwimmer made personal appeal to Dutch Prime Minister Cort van der Linden to intervene for peace.

• 1919 Carolena Wood, Jane Addams, and Alice Hamilton arrived in Berlin on first postwar peace mission.

• 1954 UN Human Rights Convention on Political Rights of Women in effect.

• 1955 In Lausanne, Switzerland, 1200 women gathered at the World Congress of Women.

• 1991 Sister Marilyn Pray and Mary Rose Palumbo sentenced to jail for Good Friday protest at Seneca Depot.

• 2003 Creativity for Peace’s first summer camp for Palestinian and Israeli girls held in Glorietta, NM; run by three women: Debra Sugerman, Rachel Kaufman, and Anael Harpaz.

• 2013 In India, 101 women farmers from the city of Junagadh sent Prime Minister Narendra Modi a letter written in blood to protest a highway expansion plan that would annex fertile farmland.

• 2015 In Addison, VT, 40 members of Trans and/or Women’s Action Camp (TWAC) blocked truck transporting fracked gas; 5 arrested.

July 8

Women peacemakers born today

• 1739 Rebecca Jones born Philadelphia, PA (d. 1818). Quaker schoolmistress 1761-84; traveling minister and philanthropist who worked for Indian rights; opposed all wars and slave trade.

• 1862 Ella Reeve Bloor born Staten Island, NY (d. 1951). "Mother Bloor." American Socialist, and Communist party founder who opposed both World Wars, but changed views 1941; led counseling of conscientious objection in first war; nearly arrested for antiwar stand; led US delegation to Women’s International Congress Against War and Fascism Paris 1934.

• 1867 Käthe Kollwitz born Königsberg, E. Prussia (d. 1945). “Mother of Expressionist Artists.” German anti-war artist.

• 1882 Mary Agnes Hamilton born Withington, Manchester, England (d. 1966). Suffragist; pacifist opposed to WWI. Member of Parliament, 1928-31; delegate to League of Nations 1929-30; advocated League sanctions on Italy, 1935. BBC broadcaster on politics for women.

• 1886 Frances Witherspoon born Meridian, MS (d. 1973). Absolute pacifist; Christian Socialist; suffragist; co-founded Anti-Enlistment League 1915, and War Resisters League 1923; poet and playwright; Lesbian partner of anti-war leader Tracy Mygatt; early member of Women's Peace Party, WILPF and FOR, SANE.

• 1945 Micheline Calmy-Rey born Chermignon, Sion, Valais. First woman Swiss Foreign Minister 2003, second female President 2007; Social Democrat; member Council of Women World Leaders; co-author of UN report on "The Future We Want", Global Sustainablility 2012.

• 1948 Ruby Sales born Jemison, AL. American theologian and nonviolent historian who organized SNCC protests; arrested at age 17 during civil rights movement; jailed six days 1965 Hayneville AL, nearly escaping assassination; founded Spirit House 2001 promoting nonviolence.

• 1952 Marianne Williamson born Houston, TX. Founded Peace Alliance for U.S. Department of Peace; Unity church minister and spiritual adviser.

• 1961 Nadine Bloch born Boston, MA. Nonviolent protest organizer and direct-action trainer. Helped organize anti-trade globalization WTO protests, Seattle, 1999.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1915 In The Hague, Emily Balch, Aletta Jacobs, Chrystal MacMillan, Cornelia Ramondt-Hirschmann, and Rosika Schwimmer made their final peace appeal to Dutch Prime Minister Loudon to intervene for peace.

• 1917 Women's Monster Peace Parade Glasgow organized by Helen Crawfurd.

• 1917 Emma Goldman sentenced to two years in prison for anti-conscription drive.

• 1983 66 women arrested in Greenham Common protests.

• 1998 Five women arrested for pulling up 200 genetically engineered plants at Monsanto site Watlington, Oxfordshire.

• 2002 Nigerian women occupied Chevron oil terminal at Escravos.

• 2011 Hilde Johnson of Norway appointed head of UN special mission to South Sudan.

• 2015 On the first anniversary of the Gaza War, Israel's Women Wage Peace began a 50-day fast—the duration of the war—for peace.

July 9

Women peacemakers born today

• 1933 Judith Anne Cook (née Cushing) born Manchester, England (d. 2004). British anti-nuclear leader; historical fiction writer; led 400 pram-pushing mothers in protest at Russian embassy London Nov. 1962; founded Voice of Women Dec. 1962; Quaker attender.

• 1935 Mercedes Sosa born Tucumán, Argentina (d. 2009). Pacifist folk singer; "the voice of Latin America"; opposed dictators; arrested and exiled 1979; UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador.

• 1936 June Jordan born Harlem, NY (d. 2002). Black poet and professor who opposed Vietnam War and Gulf War. Freedom rider in civil rights movement.

• 1956 Asha-Rose Migiro born Songea, Tanzania. UN Deputy Secretary General 2007; first woman Foreign Minister of Tanzania 2006; Professor of Law focusing on human rights and regional integration; presided on Great Lakes peace conference.

• 1957 Rebecca Kanner born Cleveland, OH. Mechanical engineer. Arrested three times for protests against the School of the Americas, Columbus, GA, 1997, 1999, 2000; sentenced to 6 months prison; arrested again, 2014.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1909 First celebration of Feast of Our Lady of Peace, Paris.

• 1915 Jane Addams spoke at Carnegie Hall after mission to Europe. "This war was an old man's war; that the young men who were dying, the young men who were doing the fighting, were not the men who wanted the war."

• 1915 Australian Women's Peace Army formed, declaring: "[W]ar is a crime against civilisation and humanity, and that it places the interests of property before those of human beings, that it brings personal degradation to vast masses of soldiers and women, and greater suffering and horrors to non-combatants."

• 1917 Emma Goldman's famous address to the jury, New York. "We are but the atoms in the incessant human struggle towards the light that shines in the darkness—the Ideal of economic, political and spiritual liberation of mankind!"

• 1980 Under the stewardship of Gabriela Ngirmang, the island nation of Palau passed by referendum the world's first nuclear-free constitution, banning the use, storage, and disposal of nuclear weaponry.

• 1989 Women's Convoy to Central America arrived Nicaragua from Honduras.

• 1991 Teresa Grady tried for protest at SAC base Westover Field, Mass.

• 2011 Margaret Pestorius arrested Rockhampton, Australia for crashing into ball for US-Australian war games.

July 10

Women peacemakers born today

• 1853 Caroline Atwater Mason born Providence, RI (d. 1939). Prolific author; raised a Quaker; lifelong pacifist who opposed World War I.

• 1858 Katherine Devereux Blake born Manhattan, NY (d. 1950). Pacifist educator, journalist and suffragist; Principal of Manhattan PS 6.; WILPF leader.

• 1875 Mary McLeod Bethune born Mayesville, SC (d. 1955). Internationalist Black leader and government official; First Black College president; civil rights leader; only official American Black woman counselor at founding of UN San Francisco 1945.

• 1896 Therese Casgrain born Ste. Irenne-des-Bains, Quebec (d. 1981). Canadian anti-nuclear leader, founder of Voice of Women (VOW) 1960; arrested Paris for anti-nuclear protest; opposed US war in Vietnam and conscription in WW II.

• 1918 Kay Camp born Mt. Kisko, NY (d. 2006). Quaker International president of WILPF 1974-80; led opposition to Vietnam War and nuclear weapons; first meeting of Russian and American women 1961; led delegation to Vietnam for Vietnamese women peace agreement 1971; led human rights visit to Chile 1974; US delegate to UN Disarmament meeting 1978; 3 years UNESCO commissioner 1980-82; created Stop the Arms Race (S.T.A.R) campaign 1980; war tax resister; arrested for trying to see President Reagan 1983.

• 1921 Eunice Kennedy Shriver born Brookline, MA (d. 2009). Founded Special Olympics International 1968.

• 1957 Cindy Sheehan born Inglewood, CA. Leading Iraq War resister. Established Camp Casey outside George W. Bush's ranch in Texas, in honor of her son, killed in Iraq War.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1899 International Council of Women created Committee on Peace & Arbitration, Lady Aberdeen, chair, Bertha von Suttner, secretary.

• 1917 Emma Goldman sentenced to two years in prison for draft resistance.

• 1921 Third Conference of WILPF, Vienna; resolutions and committees on nonviolence, and education for peace.

• 1951 Dr. Ruth Bleier refused Sen. McCarthy’s demand for information on her peace associates.

• 1985 Women's Convoy to Central America arrived Managua, Nicaragua.

• 1995 Victory for Nonviolence: Aung San Suu Kyi released from house arrest of five years.

• 2007 3rd International Women’s Peace Conference held in Dallas, TX.

• 2014 Mary Anne Grady Flores sentenced to year in prison for her Ash Wednesday protest against drones at Hancock AFB.

July 11

Women peacemakers born today

• 1887 Ellen S. Woodward born Oxford, MS (d. 1971). Social security expert for Roosevelt's New Deal; US delegate to founding of UNRRA 1943-6 and UNESCO 1947; led effort to introduce welfare in postwar international relief.

• 1888 Andrea Andreen born Örby, Sweden (d. 1972). Swedish doctor; radical peace leader of "Women's Non-Violent Revolt against War" when 20,000 women refused bomb shelter use 1935; major opponent of chemical and biological weapons; tried to stem Cold War for which USSR gave her Lenin Peace Prize 1953.

• 1925 Ann Fagan Ginger. American professor of international law, esp. law of peace; founding director of Meiklejohn Civil Liberties Institute 1964; author of Nuclear Weapons Are Illegal, 1996; got US Supreme Court acquittal of nuclear protesters; supported conscientious objection to Vietnam War; opposed wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

• 1933 Olga Havlova born Prague, Czechoslovakia (d. 1996). Co-leader of nonviolent Velvet Revolution with husband Vaclav Havel 1989; co-founded Committee for the Defense of the Unjustly Persecuted 1979 (VONS).

• 1955 Adi Roche born Clonmel, Tipperary, Ireland. Peace activist and anti-nuclear advocate. Volunteer for Irish Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament's peace education program, 1982. Irish representative on Great Peace Journey, 1983-85. Began work in Chernobyl, 1985; founded Chernobyl Children International which rescued over 22,000 children, 1991. Took part in first Mercy Mission airlift, 1995.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1656 Quaker women Ann Austin and Mary Fisher arrived Boston on Swallow; jailed five weeks, 100 books burned.

• 1848 Seneca Falls meeting for Women's equal rights called "to discuss the social, civil and religious condition and rights of women."

• 1985 Peace Tent at Nairobi Women's Conference opened 10 am. "The international feminist alternative to men's conflict and war."

• 2003 Maputo Protocol on African Women's Rights adopted. "Every woman shall be entitled to respect for her life and the integrity and security of her person."

July 12

Women peacemakers born today

• 1880 Emily Gregory Hickman born Buffalo, NY (d. 1947). History professor; peace advocate; delegate to Universal Peace Conference, Brussels 1936; member of Shotwell Commission planning for UN; State Dept. expert at creation of UN 1945.

• 1932 Maria Pearson born Springfield, ND (d. 2003). AKA Hai-Mecha Eunka "Running Moccasins"; Yankton Sioux militant peacemaker; "founding mother of native American repatriation"; Nobel prize nominee.

• 1933 Ingrid Eide born Oslo. Norwegian sociologist, co-founder of International Peace Research Institute; UN official 1987-93; member of parliament; founded No to Nuclear Weapons.

• 1934 Rita Hauser born New York, NY. Human rights activist, international lawyer; US delegate to UN General Assembly 1969, UN Human Rights Commission 1969-72; President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board 2001-2004. Chair International Peace Academy, 1993; promoted reconciliation of Israel and Palestinians, helping to get Arafat to renounce violence and recognize Israel 1988; broke with Republicans by opposing Iraq War.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1882 Priscilla Peckover founded the Women’s Peace and Arbitration Association.

• 1957 Dorothy Day arrested for ignoring atomic air raid alert, 30 days in jail. "To voice opposition to war. . . [and] as public penance for the atomic bombing of Japan."

• 1965 10 American women from Women Strike for Peace arrived in Jakarta to meet Vietnamese women for 5-day conference.

• 1995 Rosalyn Higgins appointed first woman on World Court.

• 2006 Code Pink and Women for Peace marched on Capitol to protest Guantánamo.

• 2010 Three hundred Kyrgyz women blockaded Suzak in protest against searches.

• 2013 Malala Yousafzai spoke to inaugural Youth Takeover of the UN. “We call upon our sisters around the world to be brave—to embrace the strength within themselves and realise their full potential.”

• 2015 Three Quaker Grannies arrested for blocking road with tea table at US-Australia war games, Rockhampton, Queensland; fined $500.

July 13

Women peacemakers born today

• 1812 Anne Warren Weston born Weymouth, MA (d. 1890). Co-founder of first nonviolence society, Boston 1838; proposed world's first nonviolence newspaper, The Non-Resistant.

• 1873 Mary Emma Woolley born South Norwalk, CT (d. 1947). First American woman diplomat at major international conference, Geneva Disarmament 1932; President of Mt. Holyoke 1900-1932; Vice President American Peace Society 1907-1913; predicted atom bomb.

• 1918 Margaret K. Bruce born Batley, Yorkshire, England (d. 2012). Human rights activist. Lifelong UN employee, 1946-77.

• 1925 Goler Teal Butcher born Philadelphia, PA (d. 1993). Black international law professor; Africa AID administrator; advocate of ending global hunger; fought against Apartheid; one of first arrests in Free Africa Movement 1984; honored by medal for human rights.

• 1927 Simone Veil born Nice, France. "First Lady of Europe." First woman president European Parliament 1979; first woman winner of Charlemagne Prize for European unity and peace 1981; Auschwitz survivor.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1935 "Down with guns: A martial tone against the war" article started women's unarmed revolt against war.

• 1976 International Conference of Nonviolent Women at Les Circauds, France.

• 1996 Four Canadian Women arrested Toronto protesting arms fair.

• 2012 Kandake strong woman Friday protest of Sudanese women led to arrests.

• 2013 Patrisse Cullors, Alicia Garza, and Opal Tometi created Black Lives Matter.

• 2014 In Havana, 90 Ladies in White arrested for protest.

July 14

Women peacemakers born today

• 1881 Julia Grace Wales born Bury, Quebec (d. 1957). Originated idea of continuous peace mediation 1915, which led to League of Nations; co-founded WILPF.

• 1922 Peggy Hope-Simpson. Quaker. Co-founded first women’s peace organization, Nova Scotia Voice of Women (VOW), Halifax, 1959. Voiced early opposition to Cold War and NATO; spoke against racism.

• 1944 Virginia Stibbs Anami born Miami Beach, FL. American-Japanese cultural envoy, author, photographer, lecturer on East Asia; spouse of Japanese ambassador to China 2000-6.

• 1951 Vivienne Wee born Singapore. Professor of Asian Studies. Co-founded feminist Association of Women for Action and Research (AWARE), 1985. Ran South Asia workshops on women peacebuilding.

• 1960 Angélique Kidjo born Cotonou, Benin. Grammy Award-winning singer; first African woman named UN Ambassador for Peace, 2002; African Union Peace Ambassador for Year of Peace and Security, 2010. Supported Darfur peace, women's rights, climate change action; sang at Nobel Peace Prize Concert, 1996, 2002, 2011.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1917 16 Women suffrage picketers arrested Washington DC including black portait painter Betsy Reyneau.

• 1980 International Conference on Women, Copenhagen through July 30.

• 1983 Grandmothers Macy Morse, Mary Lyons and Agnes Bauerlein arrested Wilmington MA for pouring blood on AVCO on nuclear weapons plans.

• 1989 23rd WILPF Conference, Sydney, Australia on the "Role of the UN in the Peaceful Settlement of Conflict—From a Women's Perspective".

• 2002: Helen Odeworitse led 600 Nigerian women in occupying Chevron's Escravos terminal, holding 700 workers hostage, threatening to strip naked, a traditional shaming gesture. "Our weapon is our nakedness."

• 2011 Daphni Leef pitched tent Blvd Rothschild, Tel Aviv starting largest social protest in Israeli history.

• 2017 Women’s March against National Rifle Assn. 18 miles from Fairfax VA to Justice Dept. DC

July 15

Women peacemakers born today

• 1858 Emmeline Pankhurst born Manchester (d. 1928). Militant suffrage leader whose direct action inspired Gandhi; mother of three suffragist women leaders.

• 1909 Durgabai Deshmukh born Rajahmundry, Andra Pradesh, India (d. 1981). Lawyer; postwar legislator; social reformer, Gandhian freedom fighter; nonviolent organizer from age 14; known as "[the] Mother of Social Service." While training nonviolent resisters, called "lioness" and "dictator of Madras." Arrested three times, sentenced to 9 months for participation in Salt Satyagraha, 1930; 3 years sentence, 1932; again, 1942.

• 1930 Isobel Finnerty born Timmins, Ontario. Canadian Senator 1999-2005, served on Foreign Affairs and Human Rights committees; activist and international peace trainer in Benin political participation 1994.

• 1946 Linda Ronstadt born Tucson, AZ. Antiwar Rock Singer, opposed Vietnam War and Iraq War; sang at rally against nuclear weapons Central Park 1982.

• 1948 Rebiya Kadeer born Altai, Xinjiang, China. "Stormer of the Sky" Uighur human rights leader; won Rafto Prize for human rights 2004; Nobel Prize nominee.

• 1950 Arianna Huffington born Athens, Greece. Author and columnist opposed US intervention in Balkans, Iraq War and expansion of Afghan War.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1902 First world congress against White Slave Traffic met Paris.

• 1985 Nairobi Conference on Women opened, through 26th.

• 1991 First Serbian peace group the Centre for Anti-War Action (CAWA) formed by Vesna Peŝić.

• 2004 In Manipur, local women marched nude, carrying a banner which read "Indian Army Rape Us" to protest federal soldiers' suspected rape and murder of Thangjam Manorama.

• 2009 Human rights reporter Natalia Estrimova murdered in Chechnya.

July 16

Women peacemakers born today

• 1194 Clare of Assisi born Assisi, Umbria (d. 1253). Twice repelled armed invaders by nonviolence 1234.

• 1836 Augusta Jane Chapin born Lakeville, NY (d. 1905). Universalist Minister, chief woman organizer of Parliament of World's Religions Chicago 1893.

• 1862 Ida B. Wells born Holly Springs, MS (d. 1931). Editor and journalist who began anti-lynching campaign 1892; appealed to President; co-founder NAACP; suffragist; international lecturer.

• 1880 Kathleen Norris born San Francisco, CA (d. 1966). Popular American author; feminist. Wrote pacifist text What Price Peace? A Handbook of Peace for American Women, 1928.

• 1908 Aruna Asaf Ali born Kalka, Punjab, India (d. 1996). Socialist freedom fighter; "Grand Old Lady" of nonviolent independence movement; first mayor of Delhi; facilitated liberation of Goa; jailed in independence movement 1930, 1932, 1941; Nehru Peace Prize 1996, Lenin Peace Prize 1964.

• 1939 Ruth Perry born Grand Cape Mount, Liberia. "Mother of Liberia", Muslim, First woman president of Liberia 1996 following civil war in which she refused to take sides, using a "mother's voice."

• 1941 Gladys Marín born Curepto, Maule, Chile (d. 2005). Nonviolence advocate. Leader of Chilean Communist Party, 1994-2005. Stood in opposition to Pinochet regime's human rights violations; filed first complaint against Pinochet, 1998. Nobel Peace Prize nominee, 2005.

• 1946 Louise Frechette born Montreal, Quebec. First Deputy Secretary-General of UN 1997-2006, responsible for administrative reforms; Canadian diplomat and stateswoman.

• 1946 Barbara Lee born El Paso, TX. Only member of Congress who voted against Iraq War; US Representative for Bay Area 1998 led aid to Caribbean, global fight on AIDS; won Sean MacBride Peace Prize 2002.

• 1964 Aida Touma-Sliman born Nazareth, Palestine. Christian-born Arab peacemaker. Israeli citizen and member of the Knesset. Co-founder and CEO, Women Against Violence (WAV), 1992. Co-founded Al-Badeel, a coalition against honor killings, 1993. Coordinator of Engendering the Peace Process, 1995-96. Offered food and medical relief to West Bank during Israeli invasion of West Bank and Gaza, 2001. Upon election to Knesset, assumed leadership of Committee on the Status of Women and the newly established Anti-Racism Caucus, 2015.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1848 First Meeting of women organizers of Seneca Falls Convention.

• 1854 Elizabeth Jennings resisted eviction from segregated NY City trolley.

• 1888 Successful end of London Matchgirls' Strike, led by Annie Besant.

• 1965 WILPF's 50th anniversary celebrated at Hague conference, call to end Vietnam War.

• 1965 American and Vietnamese womens’ conference in Jakarta called for end of war.

• 1974 Françoise Giroud first French Minister of Women's Affairs.

• 1983 Greenham women painted US Blackbird spy plane.

• 2010 Brazilia Consensus of Latin American Women urged governments to give women equal rights.

• 2014 Lynn Pollock of Jewish Voice for Peace arrested at Chicago Boeing office protest against Gaza invasion. "Boeing, Boeing, Blood is flowing."

July 17

Women peacemakers born today

• 1591 Anne Hutchinson born Alford, Lincolnshire (d. 1643). Dissident American preacher who questioned treatment of Indians and women; tried 1637 in Boston for disturbing the peace, banished 1638.

• 1922 Ruth Chalmers. Director of Jane Addams Peace Association (JAPA), education wing of WILPF, 1948-1990.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1974 WILPF Conference Birmingham, England.

• 1987 Six "Pele" Women sentenced 6 months in prison plus $485 for entering Nevada Test Site.

• 2002 Diane Wilson began fast against Dow Seadrift in Texas.

• 2004 Linda Ronstadt evicted from Las Vegas hotel for anti-Iraq War statement.

• 2010 Peruvian Women stage Tejidoton knitting "Scarf of Hope" to protest disappearances.

• 2011 Ladies in White begin protests for Cuban political prisoners Santiago de Cuba.

• 2011 Radhika Shingwekar organized first slut walk in Asia, Bhopal "The Pride Stride for Women."

July 18

Women peacemakers born today

• 1879 Rose Pastor Stokes born Augustów, Poland (d. 1933). American Socialist labor organizer, poet and journalist; opposed World War I; sentenced to 10 years in prison for opposition to draft.

• 1902 Jessamyn West born Vernon, IN (d. 1984). Quaker writer, author of The Friendly Persuasion (1945) about Quaker life in Indiana during the Civil War; made into Oscar-winning movie with Gary Cooper, 1956.

• 1908 Peace Pilgrim born Egg Harbor, NJ (d. 1981). Traveled over 25,000 miles with message of peace.

• 1911 Henriette Bie Lorentzen (née Anna Henriette Wegner Haagaas) born Vestre Aker (now Oslo), Norway (d. 2001). Norwegian humanist; peace activist; founding teacher Nansen Academy 1937; arrested by Gestapo 1943, tortured while pregnant; survived Ravensbrück; founding editor publisher magazine Women and Time, 1945-55; active in Grandmothers Against Atom Weapons 1983.

• 1928 Franca Rame born Parabiago, Lombardy, Italy (d.2013). Radical Italian actress and playwright; Senator; opposed Vietnam War, Iraq War; co-wrote and acted play on Cindy Sheehan's opposition to war.

• 1929 Nafis Sadik born Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Pakistani physician, Director of UN Population Fund 1987-2000; Secretary-General UN Population Conference, Cairo, 1994.

• 1944 Jelena Šantić (née Jovanović) born Belgrade, Serbia, Yugoslavia (d. 2000). Prima ballerina and pacifist. Co-founded Group 484, welcoming Croat refugees. Received Pax Christi International Award, 1996.

• 1957 Kaisha Atakhanova born Karaganda, Kazakhstan. Biologist; led successful campaign to prevent the commercial import of nuclear waste into Kazakhstan. Awarded Goldman Environmental Prize, 2005; Nobel Peace Prize nominee, 2005.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1976 Close of historic Nonviolent Women's Conference, Les Circauds, France.

• 2005 UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) issued a call for international powers to recognize and foster women's participation in conflict resolution and peacemaking.

• 2012 Four Cuban Women in White arrested Havana for Literary Tea Party human rights protest.

• 2015: Creators of Peace women at the International Peace-builders Forum workshop, Caux, Switzerland.

July 19

Women peacemakers born today

• 1919 Eve Merriam born Philadelphia, PA (d. 1992). Quaker playwright, poet.

• 1941 Vikki Carr born El Paso, TX. Bilingual singer, philanthropist; donor of scholarships for Hispanic students.

• 1955 Samina Faheem Sundas born Punjab, Pakistan. American Muslim community organizer. Founded American Muslim Voice to cultivate interfaith dialogue, 2003. Awarded Fellowship of Reconciliation Martin Luther King Jr. Peace Prize, 2007.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1848 Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments. First Women's Rights convention met, on call of Lucretia Mott, Martha Wright, Elizabeth Cady Stanton. "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal."

• 1922 One million petitions given to President Harding in Children's Crusade for Amnesty for political prisoners, organized by Kate Richards O'Hare.

• 1974 Martha Tranquilli began 9 months in San Pedro prison for tax refusal during Vietnam War. "So long as my government acts immorally and illegally in my name, I will call it to account."

• 1989 Betsy Corner and Randy Kehler's house seized by IRS for tax refusal, Colrain, MA.

• 1990 Women Commissioners agreement to first continuous meeting of indigenous peoples, Quito. "Militarism is anti-life, anti-Earth, anti-women."

July 20

Women peacemakers born today

• 1866 Ada Salter born Raunds, Northamptonshire (d. 1942). British social reformer headed Bermondsey Settlement; Quaker pacifist; Christian Socialist; house was stoned for opposition to World War I and support of Non-Conscription Fellowship; co-founder WILPF; postwar WILPF aid to German and Austrian refugees; first woman mayor in London, 1922; environmental pioneer; opposed World War II.

• 1878 Emilia Fogelklou born Simrishamn, Sweden (d. 1972). Swedish theologian, feminist, women's historian, teacher, pacifist; one of first Quakers in Sweden 1931; early member of WILPF and International Fellowship of Reconciliation.

• 1921 Zofia Kuratowska born Skolimów-Konstancin, Poland. Physician, activist, and politician. Leading female organizer of Solidarity movement, 1980. Protested state of war, 1982. President of Senate, 1989-97.

• 1927 Lyudmila Alexeyeva born Yevpatoria, Crimea, USSR. Russian human rights activist; Soviet dissident; archaeologist and historian. Co-founded Russian human rights organization Moscow Helsinki Group, 1976.

• 1939 Judy Chicago born Chicago, IL. Anti-war feminist and artist; contributed to LA Peace Tower against Vietnam War, 1966; Holocaust Project, 1993.

• 1964 Bui Thi Minh Hang born Vietnam. Arrested Hanoi 2011 and sentenced to reeducation for peaceful protest against arrest of protesters.

• 1969 Jeroo Billimoria born Mumbai, India. Founded Child Helpline International, 2004, Childline India Foundation, 1996.

• 1980 Gisele Bundchen born Três de Maio, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Supermodel; Goodwill Ambassador of UN Environmental Program, 2009.

Women's peacemaking on this day

• 1848 World's first women's rights convention concluded Seneca Falls, promising more meetings.

• 1968 First Special Olympics, Chicago, organized by Eunice Kennedy Shriver.

• 1991 Mothers of the Soldiers of Belgrade: "We refuse that our sons become the victims of senseless militarists. . . It is a disgrace to win a fratricidal war."

• 2002 Women, War and Peace Seminar, Geneva: "Throughout history, women have negotiated peace."

• 2011 Catherine-Ann MacDougal climbed oak tree in nonviolent protest against strip mining, Marfork WV.

• 2012 Women for Women protested violence Colombo, Sri Lanka.